🏅Nobel Prizes 2025 – Complete List of Winners and Their Contributions

The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious international awards presented every year to honor individuals or organizations that have made outstanding contributions to humanity. Established in memory of Alfred Bernard Nobel in 1901, the award is presented annually on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.

Nobel Prizes are given in six categories

1. Literature
2. Peace
3. Chemistry
4. Medicine (Physiology)
5. Physics
6. Economic Sciences

🧬 Nobel Prize in Medicine 2025

Winners: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi

They were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries about regulatory T-cells (special immune cells) that prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues — a process known as immune tolerance.
Their work has provided deep insights into how the immune system maintains balance and prevents autoimmune diseases.

⚛️ Nobel Prize in Physics 2025

Winners: John Clarke (USA), John Martinis (USA), Michel H. Devoret (France)

They were honored for their groundbreaking research in quantum mechanics, particularly for demonstrating macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in superconducting circuits.
Their experiments showed that quantum physics can operate within electronic circuits, laying the foundation for quantum computing.

What is Quantum Tunneling?
In classical physics, a particle cannot pass through a solid barrier. But in quantum mechanics, particles can “tunnel” through barriers — a key principle behind quantum electronics and superconducting chips.

⚗️ Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025

Winners: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi

They received the award for developing Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) — molecular structures with vast internal spaces that can trap or release gases like CO₂ and methane.
Their research has applications in carbon capture, air purification, and extracting water from desert air.

📚 Nobel Prize in Literature 2025

Winner: László Krasznahorkai (Hungary)

Awarded for his visionary and powerful literary works that reaffirm the strength of art amid the collapse of civilization. His famous novels include “Sátántangó” and “The Melancholy of Resistance”, both adapted into acclaimed films by Hungarian director Béla Tarr.

☮️ Nobel Peace Prize 2025

Winner: María Corina Machado (Venezuela)

Recognized for her tireless efforts to promote democracy, peace, and human rights in Venezuela. As a key opposition leader, she has fought against authoritarianism and championed peaceful democratic transition.
She becomes the 20th woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.

Nobel Prize Winner List